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Optical Sensing, Measurements, and Metrology|17 Article(s)
Hybrid calibration method of a wide-view-angle Mueller polarimeter for hyper-numerical-aperture imaging systems
Jianhui Li, Yanqiu Li, Ke Liu, Guodong Zhou, Lihui Liu, and Meng Zheng
Polarization aberration of hyper-numerical-aperture projection optics should be measured accurately in order to control it exactly and ensure favorable imaging performance. A hybrid calibration method combining the Fourier analysis method and the eigenvalue calibration method is proposed. A wide-view-angle Mueller polarimeter (WMP) is exemplified to demonstrate the capability of the proposed calibration method, which can calibrate the polarimeter and determine the error budget of polarizing elements in the polarimeter. In addition, an experimental setup and a WMP are developed in-house to implement the hybrid calibration method. Polarization aberration of hyper-numerical-aperture projection optics should be measured accurately in order to control it exactly and ensure favorable imaging performance. A hybrid calibration method combining the Fourier analysis method and the eigenvalue calibration method is proposed. A wide-view-angle Mueller polarimeter (WMP) is exemplified to demonstrate the capability of the proposed calibration method, which can calibrate the polarimeter and determine the error budget of polarizing elements in the polarimeter. In addition, an experimental setup and a WMP are developed in-house to implement the hybrid calibration method.
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Aug. 10, 2020
- Vol. 18, Issue 8, 081202 (2020)
Self-copy-shift-based differential phase extracting method for fiber distributed acoustic sensing
Wenjie Chen, Junfeng Jiang, Kun Liu, Shuang Wang, Zhe Ma, Guanhua Liang, Zhenyang Ding, Tianhua Xu, and Tiegen Liu
A differential phase extracting method based on self-copy-shift for distributed acoustic sensing is proposed. Heterodyne and optical hybrids are used to realize high signal-to-noise ratio in-phase and quadrature-phase (IQ) signal measurement. The measured signals are self-copied and shifted for certain data points, and then they are digitally mixed with the original signals to construct the differential phase. The four produced signals are then combined to carry out IQ demodulation. An experiment with strain having an amplitude modulation waveform is carried out. The results showed that waveform information can be recovered well, and the signal-to-noise ratio achieves 32.8 dB. A differential phase extracting method based on self-copy-shift for distributed acoustic sensing is proposed. Heterodyne and optical hybrids are used to realize high signal-to-noise ratio in-phase and quadrature-phase (IQ) signal measurement. The measured signals are self-copied and shifted for certain data points, and then they are digitally mixed with the original signals to construct the differential phase. The four produced signals are then combined to carry out IQ demodulation. An experiment with strain having an amplitude modulation waveform is carried out. The results showed that waveform information can be recovered well, and the signal-to-noise ratio achieves 32.8 dB.
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Aug. 10, 2020
- Vol. 18, Issue 8, 081201 (2020)
Multi-channel polarized low-coherence interference synchronous demodulation system based on a matrix charge-coupled device
Shuang Wang, Jie Zhou, Junfeng Jiang, Kun Liu, Qun Han, Yanan Duan, Rundong Wang, and Tiegen Liu
A multi-channel synchronous demodulation system of a polarized low-coherence interferometer (PLCI) based on a matrix charge-coupled-device (CCD) is proposed and demonstrated. By using special designs, the system allows the signals from different channels to be received and demodulated synchronously. Multichannel air pressure experiments were implemented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system. The experiment results showed that the Fabry–Perot (F–P) sensors could be demodulated synchronously with a high tolerance for light sources and sensors, which indicated that any sensor and light source that can be demodulated by PLCI were allowed to be employed, leading to a wide application in the field of multichannel synchronous measurement. A multi-channel synchronous demodulation system of a polarized low-coherence interferometer (PLCI) based on a matrix charge-coupled-device (CCD) is proposed and demonstrated. By using special designs, the system allows the signals from different channels to be received and demodulated synchronously. Multichannel air pressure experiments were implemented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system. The experiment results showed that the Fabry–Perot (F–P) sensors could be demodulated synchronously with a high tolerance for light sources and sensors, which indicated that any sensor and light source that can be demodulated by PLCI were allowed to be employed, leading to a wide application in the field of multichannel synchronous measurement.
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Jul. 10, 2020
- Vol. 18, Issue 7, 071202 (2020)
Demodulation of the multi-peak fiber Bragg grating sensor based on partial wavelength scan
Pan Dai, Yu Zhou, Leilei Wang, Shangjing Liu, Xuping Zhang, and Xiangfei Chen
Until now, a high-efficiency demodulation method for fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors has been a challenge. In this Letter, by employing multi-peak FBGs, an FBG sensor with a partial wavelength scan is proposed and initially demonstrated. By demodulating a near-symmetrical multi-peak FBG and an asymmetrical multi-peak FBG in the strain experiment, sensor sensitivities of 1.02 pm/με and 1.01 pm/με are measured for the interrogation system, respectively. The average demodulation deviations for the two sensors are 1.81% and 0.4%, respectively. The proposed method is expected to realize high-efficiency and low-cost FBG interrogators. Until now, a high-efficiency demodulation method for fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors has been a challenge. In this Letter, by employing multi-peak FBGs, an FBG sensor with a partial wavelength scan is proposed and initially demonstrated. By demodulating a near-symmetrical multi-peak FBG and an asymmetrical multi-peak FBG in the strain experiment, sensor sensitivities of 1.02 pm/με and 1.01 pm/με are measured for the interrogation system, respectively. The average demodulation deviations for the two sensors are 1.81% and 0.4%, respectively. The proposed method is expected to realize high-efficiency and low-cost FBG interrogators.
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Jul. 10, 2020
- Vol. 18, Issue 7, 071201 (2020)
Asymmetrical tapered SMS fiber coupler for simultaneous measurement of temperature and refractive index and its application for biosensing
Zheyu Wu, Bin Liu, Jiangfeng Zhu, Juan Liu, Shengpeng Wan, Tao Wu, and Jinghua Sun
An asymmetrical tapered singlemode–multimode–singlemode (SMS) fiber coupler based on two parallel physical contact SMS fiber structures was proposed. Since the coupler includes modes both from fiber core and cladding, two dips of the transmission spectrum exhibit different sensing characteristics to the surrounding temperature and refractive index (RI) change, which allows the use of the standard matrix inversion method to determine temperature and RI simultaneously. The temperature sensitivities of 0.0498 and 0.0324 nm/°C and RI sensitivities of 1151.76 and 1325.66 nm/RIU have been achieved, respectively. For biosensing application, with the functionalized fiber coupler sensor, a human chorionic gonadotropin concentration of 0.05 mIU/mL has been detected for a wavelength shift of 0.2 nm with good stability and excellent selectivity. The developed tapered SMS fiber coupler structure has advantages of simultaneous measurement of two independent parameters, simple configuration, low cost, and good repeatability that offer a great potential for medical diagnostics. An asymmetrical tapered singlemode–multimode–singlemode (SMS) fiber coupler based on two parallel physical contact SMS fiber structures was proposed. Since the coupler includes modes both from fiber core and cladding, two dips of the transmission spectrum exhibit different sensing characteristics to the surrounding temperature and refractive index (RI) change, which allows the use of the standard matrix inversion method to determine temperature and RI simultaneously. The temperature sensitivities of 0.0498 and 0.0324 nm/°C and RI sensitivities of 1151.76 and 1325.66 nm/RIU have been achieved, respectively. For biosensing application, with the functionalized fiber coupler sensor, a human chorionic gonadotropin concentration of 0.05 mIU/mL has been detected for a wavelength shift of 0.2 nm with good stability and excellent selectivity. The developed tapered SMS fiber coupler structure has advantages of simultaneous measurement of two independent parameters, simple configuration, low cost, and good repeatability that offer a great potential for medical diagnostics.
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Jun. 10, 2020
- Vol. 18, Issue 6, 061201 (2020)
Displacement measurement method based on laser self-mixing interference in the presence of speckle
Yan Zhao, and Haiwei Zhang
In order to achieve the accurate measurement of displacement, this Letter presents a self-mixing interference displacement measurement method suitable for the speckle effect. Because of the speckle effect, the amplitude of the self-mixing interference signal fluctuates greatly, which will affect the measurement accuracy of displacement. The ensemble empirical mode decomposition is used to process the interference signal, which can filter out high-frequency noise and low-frequency noise at the same time. The envelope of the self-mixing interference signal is extracted by Hilbert transform, and it is used to realize the normalization of the signal. Through a series of signal processing, the influence of speckle can be effectively reduced, and the self-mixing interference signal can be transformed into standard form. The displacement can be reconstructed by fringe counting and the interpolation method. The experimental results show that the method is successfully applied to the displacement measurement in the presence of speckle, which verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of the method. In order to achieve the accurate measurement of displacement, this Letter presents a self-mixing interference displacement measurement method suitable for the speckle effect. Because of the speckle effect, the amplitude of the self-mixing interference signal fluctuates greatly, which will affect the measurement accuracy of displacement. The ensemble empirical mode decomposition is used to process the interference signal, which can filter out high-frequency noise and low-frequency noise at the same time. The envelope of the self-mixing interference signal is extracted by Hilbert transform, and it is used to realize the normalization of the signal. Through a series of signal processing, the influence of speckle can be effectively reduced, and the self-mixing interference signal can be transformed into standard form. The displacement can be reconstructed by fringe counting and the interpolation method. The experimental results show that the method is successfully applied to the displacement measurement in the presence of speckle, which verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of the method.
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: May. 10, 2020
- Vol. 18, Issue 5, 051201 (2020)
Current sensor based on an atomic magnetometer for DC application
Guozhu Li, Qing Xin, Xuxing Geng, Zhi Liang, Shangqing Liang, Guangming Huang, Gaoxiang Li, and Guoqing Yang
A DC current sensor based on an optically pumped atomic magnetometer is proposed. It has a high linearity in a wide operation range, since the magnetometer measures the absolute magnitude of the magnetic field produced by the current to be measured. The current sensor exhibits a high accuracy with a non-moment solenoid and magnetic shielding to suppress the influence from the environment. The absolute error of the measured current is below 0.08 mA when the range is from 7.5 mA to 750 mA. The relative error is 5.54 × 10?5 at 750 mA. A DC current sensor based on an optically pumped atomic magnetometer is proposed. It has a high linearity in a wide operation range, since the magnetometer measures the absolute magnitude of the magnetic field produced by the current to be measured. The current sensor exhibits a high accuracy with a non-moment solenoid and magnetic shielding to suppress the influence from the environment. The absolute error of the measured current is below 0.08 mA when the range is from 7.5 mA to 750 mA. The relative error is 5.54 × 10?5 at 750 mA.
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Mar. 10, 2020
- Vol. 18, Issue 3, 031202 (2020)
Visual measurement of the microscopic temperature of porous graphene based on cholesteric liquid crystal microcapsules|On the Cover
Haoyan Jiang, Yaoyi Tang, Xiaohan Zeng, Ruiwen Xiao, Peng Lü, Lei Wang, and Yanqing Lu
Measuring the microscopic temperature of graphene is challenging. We used cholesteric liquid crystal microcapsules (CLCMs) as temperature sensors to detect the local temperature of three-dimensional porous graphene through quantitative visualization. Based on a CLCM (～20 μm in size), we determined the temperature variation in a small area with an accuracy of 0.1°C. By analyzing the color changes between two CLCMs, we demonstrated the temperature changes dynamically in a region with a diameter of approximately 110 μm. Furthermore, by comparing the color evolution among the three CLCMs, we visualized the anisotropic thermal properties in the micro-zone. This convenient and low-cost temperature measurement method is expected to further improve graphene-based devices. Measuring the microscopic temperature of graphene is challenging. We used cholesteric liquid crystal microcapsules (CLCMs) as temperature sensors to detect the local temperature of three-dimensional porous graphene through quantitative visualization. Based on a CLCM (～20 μm in size), we determined the temperature variation in a small area with an accuracy of 0.1°C. By analyzing the color changes between two CLCMs, we demonstrated the temperature changes dynamically in a region with a diameter of approximately 110 μm. Furthermore, by comparing the color evolution among the three CLCMs, we visualized the anisotropic thermal properties in the micro-zone. This convenient and low-cost temperature measurement method is expected to further improve graphene-based devices.
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Mar. 10, 2020
- Vol. 18, Issue 3, 031201 (2020)
Non-intrusive flow measurement based on a distributed feedback fiber laser
Jiasheng Ni, Ying Shang, Chen Wang, Wenan Zhao, Chang Li, Bing Cao, Sheng Huang, Chang Wang, and Gangding Peng
We propose a new non-intrusive flow measurement method using the distributed feedback fiber laser (DFB-FL) as a sensor to monitor flow in the pipe. The relationship between the wavelength of the DFB-FL and the liquid flow rate in the pipeline is derived. Under the guidance of this theory, the design and test of the flow sensor is completed. The response curve is relatively flat in the frequency range of 10 Hz to 500 Hz, and the response of the flow sensor has high linearity. The flow from 0.6 m3/h to 25.5 m3/h is accurately measured under the energy analysis method in different frequency intervals. A minimum flow rate of 0.046 m/s is achieved. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the new non-intrusive flow measurement method based on the DFB-FL and accurate measurement of small flow rates. We propose a new non-intrusive flow measurement method using the distributed feedback fiber laser (DFB-FL) as a sensor to monitor flow in the pipe. The relationship between the wavelength of the DFB-FL and the liquid flow rate in the pipeline is derived. Under the guidance of this theory, the design and test of the flow sensor is completed. The response curve is relatively flat in the frequency range of 10 Hz to 500 Hz, and the response of the flow sensor has high linearity. The flow from 0.6 m3/h to 25.5 m3/h is accurately measured under the energy analysis method in different frequency intervals. A minimum flow rate of 0.046 m/s is achieved. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the new non-intrusive flow measurement method based on the DFB-FL and accurate measurement of small flow rates.
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Feb. 10, 2020
- Vol. 18, Issue 2, 021204 (2020)
A new phase-shifted long-period fiber grating for simultaneous measurement of torsion and temperature
Cuiting Sun, Ran Wang, Xiren Jin, Zemin Wang, Weiliang Liu, Shuo Zhang, Yiwei Ma, Jingyu Lin, Yue Li, Tao Geng, Weimin Sun, Zhongquan Qu, and Libo Yuan
A novel phase-shifted long-period fiber grating (PS-LPFG) for the simultaneous measurement of torsion and temperature is described and experimentally demonstrated. The PS-LPFG is fabricated by inserting a pre-twisted structure into the long-period fiber grating (LPFG) written in single-mode fiber (SMF). Experimental results show that the torsion sensitivities of the two dips are ?0.114 nm/(rad/m) and ?0.069 nm/(rad/m) in the clockwise direction, and ?0.087 nm/(rad/m) and ?0.048 nm/(rad/m) in the counterclockwise direction, respectively. The temperature sensitivities of the two dips are 0.057 nm/°C and 0.051 nm/°C, respectively. The two dips of the PS-LPFG exhibit different responses to torsion and temperature. Simultaneous measurement of torsion and temperature can be implemented using a sensor. The feasibility and stabilization of simultaneous torsion and temperature measurement have been confirmed, and hence this novel PS-LPFG demonstrates potential for fiber sensing and engineering applications. A novel phase-shifted long-period fiber grating (PS-LPFG) for the simultaneous measurement of torsion and temperature is described and experimentally demonstrated. The PS-LPFG is fabricated by inserting a pre-twisted structure into the long-period fiber grating (LPFG) written in single-mode fiber (SMF). Experimental results show that the torsion sensitivities of the two dips are ?0.114 nm/(rad/m) and ?0.069 nm/(rad/m) in the clockwise direction, and ?0.087 nm/(rad/m) and ?0.048 nm/(rad/m) in the counterclockwise direction, respectively. The temperature sensitivities of the two dips are 0.057 nm/°C and 0.051 nm/°C, respectively. The two dips of the PS-LPFG exhibit different responses to torsion and temperature. Simultaneous measurement of torsion and temperature can be implemented using a sensor. The feasibility and stabilization of simultaneous torsion and temperature measurement have been confirmed, and hence this novel PS-LPFG demonstrates potential for fiber sensing and engineering applications.
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Feb. 10, 2020
- Vol. 18, Issue 2, 021203 (2020)
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